This is a worked example. The pattern of findings comes from a real case; the building, the people and every figure are made up.

Sample report

A two-bed flat, £5,043 a year

Open the case file (PDF)

You pay

£5,043

a year, £4.67 per sq ft

Realistic reduction

about £420

a year, weighted by how strong each point is. Range £300 to £1,850 if everything lands.

Verdicts

2 strong3 worth asking1 don't bother

What to challenge

Strongest first. Each one has the clause or line it rests on.

Strong

Your lease backs a lower share for services you don't use

£250 to £630 a year

You pay about £630 a year towards lifts and cleaning of internal corridors and stairs, which you've told us you don't use. Your lease says your share has to be fair and reasonable "having regard to the relative degree of benefit" you get. That makes your point a requirement of the lease, not a favour. The clause is also expressly subject to the Tribunal's powers, so the Aviva v Williams problem doesn't arise in the usual way. Expect a partial adjustment, not the whole amount: you may still benefit from some of these (fire systems, bin stores).

  • Lease 2019.pdfhaving regard to the relative degree of benefit obtained by the Tenant and other tenants and occupiers of the Building
  • Budget 2026.pdf, p.3Lift maintenance: about £96.47 for you
  • Budget 2026.pdf, p.3Lift repairs: about £181 for you
  • Budget 2026.pdf, p.3Internal Cleaning: about £352 for you

Next step Ask the agent to re-apportion. If they refuse, your lease lets you refer it to an independent surveyor (expert determination), which is cheaper and quicker than the Tribunal.

Strong

Year-end accounts are overdue for 2 years

There are no certified accounts for the year ending 31 December 2024 and the year ending 31 December 2025. Until the accounts are done, nobody knows whether you've overpaid. Your lease says any surplus "shall" be refunded or credited, so this is a breach of the lease, not just slow admin. This is an argument you win by asking repeatedly, not by litigating.

  • Section 20B notice 2024.pdf, p.1Section 20B
  • Section 20B notice 2025.pdf, p.1Section 20B
  • Lease 2019.pdfthe surplus shall be refunded to the Tenant or credited against the next payment

Next step Ask for a firm date for certified accounts for each year, and for any surplus to be credited.

Worth asking

Were you consulted on the long-term contracts?

£0 to £980 a year

Your share of 4 contracts in the budget is over £100 a year (biggest: M&E maintenance, about £371 for you). If any of these is a contract lasting more than 12 months and you weren't consulted, your contribution to it is capped at £100 a year (Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 s.20). Many are rolling or annual contracts, which aren't caught, so this is a question to ask, not a win to count.

  • Budget 2026.pdf, p.3M&E maintenance: £16,065 (Block costs (your building))
  • Budget 2026.pdf, p.4M&E maintenance: £52,200 (Heat network)
  • Budget 2026.pdf, p.3Internal Cleaning: £15,250 (Block costs (your building))
  • Budget 2026.pdf, p.3Management Fees: £13,264 (Block costs (your building))

Next step Ask the agent for the start date, length and any consultation for each of these contracts.

Worth asking

Repairs and maintenance (lifts, plant, building fabric) looks high

£45 to £230 a year

Repairs and maintenance (lifts, plant, building fabric) is 29.5% of your budget, against 20.4% nationally (The Property Institute's Service Charge Index 2026). That's the kind of gap worth explaining. Charges must be reasonably incurred (Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 s.19), but reasonable doesn't mean cheapest, so the realistic win is a retender or a correction, not the whole gap.

  • Budget 2026.pdf, p.3Repairs and maintenance (lifts, plant, building fabric): £1,489 of £5,043 (your share)

Next step Ask when the repairs and maintenance (lifts, plant, building fabric) contracts were last tendered and for the quotes received.

Worth asking

Ask what commission is taken on your building insurance

Your building is insured through a national broker with a major UK insurer. Brokers and agents often take commission out of the premium you pay. Since 2025, the Financial Conduct Authority requires them to tell leaseholders what commission is paid and for what (ICOBS 6A.7). Commission isn't illegal, but a large one for little work is worth challenging, and asking costs nothing.

  • Insurance certificate 2025.pdf, p.1Total Premium GBP 32,917.12

Next step Ask for the commission details and when the insurance was last tested on the market.

What to leave alone, and what we can't tell yet

Arguments that would lose cost you credibility on the ones that win.

Don't bother

Leave the management fee alone

The management fee is 6.9% of your budget, below the 12.6% national average. It's the thing most people attack first, and here it would lose. Worse, an agent who wins that point easily will treat the rest of your letter as equally weak.

  • Budget 2026.pdf, p.3Management: £346 of £5,043 (your share)

Next step Don't mention the management fee. Spend your credibility on the Strong points.

What looks fine

Looks fine

The demand has the landlord's name and address

Your latest demand names the landlord (Parkside Freehold Nominee Ltd) and gives an address in England or Wales for notices, as the 1987 Act requires. That's also the address to send formal letters to, because it reaches the party bound by your lease rather than its agent.

  • Demand July 2025.pdf, p.1In accordance with Sections 47 & 48, Landlord & Tenant Act 1987, your landlord and the address at which notices

Next step Copy your challenge letter to this address as well as the managing agent.

Looks fine

The summary of rights was provided

The demand came with the statutory summary of rights and obligations, so there's no technical reason to withhold here.

  • Summary of rights.pdf, p.1Service Charges - Summary of tenants' rights and obligations

Next step Nothing to do.

Also worth knowing

You have an expert determination right

Your lease lets you refer a dispute about your share to an independent chartered surveyor, nominated by the President of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors if you can't agree on one. It's usually quicker and cheaper than the Tribunal, and the expert is a service charge specialist.

They've protected their right to bill late costs

You've received 2 section 20B notices (year ending 31 December 2024; year ending 31 December 2025). That keeps the landlord's right to bill for those costs later, so the 18-month rule won't help for those years. It also tells you the accounts are running late.

Up 3% on last year

Your charge went from £4,901 to £5,043. Nationally, service charges rose 5.8% across 2024 to 2026 (The Property Institute). A big rise isn't unlawful in itself, but it's fair to ask what's driving it, and it frames the rest of your letter.

1.8 times the national average

You pay £5,043 a year. The national average is £2,880, and one in ten leaseholders pays more than £8,680. That's £4.67 per square foot. Typical London new-builds without a concierge or gym run roughly £3.00 to £4.80 (from listings; no official index exists). Buildings differ a lot, so this tells you where to look, not whether you're overcharged.

Your neighbours are probably paying too much as well

Every flat on the same schedule is charged from the same budget, so most of these points apply to your neighbours too. Leaseholders acting together carry far more weight: a recognised tenants' association can demand consultation and appoint its own surveyor with access to the landlord's documents (Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 s.84), and together you may qualify to take over management through the Right to Manage.

Right to Manage is an option for later

With 54 flats, your building may qualify for the Right to Manage: leaseholders form a company and take over management from the landlord's agent, with no need to prove bad management. It needs at least half the qualifying flats to join and takes six to twelve months.

Don't be put off by the 'conclusive' clauses in your lease

Your lease says the accountant's certificate is conclusive and says you can't dispute a cost because it could have been done cheaper. Clauses that stop the Tribunal deciding what's payable, or decide it on particular evidence, are generally void (Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 s.27A(6)). If the agent quotes them at you, take advice, but don't treat them as the end of the matter.

Heat costs should go straight to the energy company

Your lease says that while a heat supply agreement is in place, heat costs, including standing charges, are paid directly to the energy company, and the energy centre is carved out of the residential services. Yet the budget has a separate £79,298 heat schedule with £52,200 of plant maintenance. Ask what it pays for and whether any of it is already in your heat bill.

Your lease creates five service charges; you're billed under three

Each service charge in the lease has its own costs and its own apportionment rule. A charge that can't be tied to one the lease creates isn't payable. Ask the agent to map every budget line to the part of the lease it's charged under.

If the agent won't engage

Escalate in this order: the agent's formal complaints procedure, then its redress scheme (The Property Ombudsman or the Property Redress Scheme, free to you), then the First-tier Tribunal (Property Chamber). The Tribunal costs £114 to apply and £227 for a hearing, and you can ask it to stop the landlord adding its legal costs to the service charge (a section 20C order) or charging them to you directly (Schedule 11, paragraph 5A). LEASE, the government-funded Leasehold Advisory Service, gives free advice.

Your plan

  1. This week

    Send the information request

    Ask for the summary of costs, invoices and contracts, the insurance details and commission. They have one month to reply, and failing to answer without good reason is a criminal offence (Landlord and Tenant Act 1985 s.25).

  2. This week

    Send the challenge letter

    It covers 5 points, strongest first. Send it to the managing agent and copy the landlord at the address on your demand. Keep proof of sending.

  3. This week

    Send your neighbours a free check

    Every flat on your schedule pays from the same budget. Letters from several flats get answered faster.

  4. After 30 days

    Chase anything unanswered

    Use the chaser letter. Note which questions were dodged; that's useful later.

  5. After 30 to 60 days

    Refer the apportionment to an independent expert

    If the agent won't re-apportion, use the expert determination clause in your lease. Either side can ask the RICS President to nominate the surveyor.

  6. After 8 weeks

    Formal complaint, then the redress scheme

    Use the agent's complaints procedure, then The Property Ombudsman or the Property Redress Scheme. It's free to you.

  7. Only if needed

    Get a one-off legal opinion, then consider the Tribunal

    Before applying to the First-tier Tribunal (£114 to apply, £227 for the hearing), get a fixed-fee opinion from a leasehold solicitor or free advice from LEASE. Ask for a section 20C order so the landlord's legal costs don't land on your service charge.